Genetically modified fruits: an overview
Not approved for use in the EU, but already on the market outside Europe
April 2025. While genetically modified fruits are at various stages of development and commercialisation in different countries, these genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are not currently approved in the European Union, nor are any authorisations pending that would allow such approval in the near future. This means that even traces of these GMOs in food and feed are not tolerated in the EU.
Genetically modified papaya – cultivation for over 20 years
Genetically modified, virus-resistant papayas have been grown commercially in Hawaii since 1998. It is estimated that they are grown on approximately 77% of Hawaii's papaya acreage. According to the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture), genetically modified papayas are also grown in China[1].
Genetically modified papayas are not currently approved in the EU, meaning that these GMOs are not marketable in the EU. However, within the framework of the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF), there are repeated notifications of genetically modified papayas. In recent years, Asian countries such as Thailand and Cambodia, and to a lesser extent South America, have been the main sources of reported papaya products. However, according to official information, no commercial cultivation of genetically modified papaya is taking place in these countries.
Genetically modified fruit – from development to trade
In addition to the genetically modified papaya, there are other genetically modified fruits that are at various stages of development and commercialisation. Three examples are given below:
- Okanagan Specialty Fruits' "Arctic apples" have been modified to prevent browning when cut. These apples have been available in the US since 2017 and were approved in Canada in 2018. Arctic apples are sold in both retail and foodservice as pre-cut slices or dried apple snacks.
- The pink pineapple "Pinkglow" from Del Monte has a pink flesh due to genetic modification and is grown in Costa Rica. According to the manufacturer, it is currently available in the USA and Canada.
- In banana production, the so-called Panama disease, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, is causing significant crop losses worldwide. The Cavendish banana, which has the world's largest market share, is particularly affected. In Australia, the QCAV-4 genetically modified banana, which is resistant to this pathogen, is currently being tested in field trials.
Advice and analysis to ensure that your products are ready for the marketplace
No genetically modified fruit is currently authorised in the EU. It is therefore particularly important for companies and importers to ensure that their products do not contain traces of these unauthorised GMOs. Our customised analytical services can help you minimise potential risks. We are happy to provide you with comprehensive advice tailored to your products.
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Written by:
Ulf Rathjens
Eurofins GeneScan GmbH